Who Teams Up with the European Parliament? Examining Multilevel Party Cooperation in the European Union

Abstract As in nearly all European Union (EU) policy areas, scholars have turned to analysing the role of national parliaments, addition that Parliament (EP), trade politics. Yet, there is limited understanding how parliamentarians at two levels interact. This article fills gap by conceptualizing these interactions as a continuum ranging between cooperation, coexistence and competition. We use this explore multilevel party EU talks show cooperation compels politicization – mainly interact with their colleagues salient matters. However, we argue impact on relations EP parliaments conditioned party-level factors. Hence, account for why triggers across through ideological orientation, government position preferences takes place case trade.